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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3167</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Quantifying canopy CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage to improve long-term estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange in the southern Amazon forest</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Antonucci</surname>
<given-names>Bárbara</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-0531</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Santana</surname>
<given-names>Raoni A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>Nara L. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gomes Alves</surname>
<given-names>Eliane</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-1952</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Botía</surname>
<given-names>Santiago</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-3968</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Souza</surname>
<given-names>Carla M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mendonça</surname>
<given-names>Anne C. S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Komiya</surname>
<given-names>Shujiro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-4366</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>Denisi H.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-2579</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Restrepo-Coupe</surname>
<given-names>Natalia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-1772</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>Gabriel B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dias-Júnior</surname>
<given-names>Cléo Q.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Postgraduate Program in Climate and Environment, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, PA, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Jena, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Jena, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Bárbara Antonucci et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3167/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3167/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3167/egusphere-2026-3167.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3167/egusphere-2026-3167.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Amazon rainforest plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, yet large uncertainties remain regarding its net carbon balance. Accurate estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) require accounting for the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage term, which is commonly derived from vertical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; profile measurements that are scarcely available at long-term flux tower sites. Here, we evaluated three approaches for estimating canopy CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage at the Rebio Jaru forest site in Rond&amp;ocirc;nia, Brazil: (1) a multi-point CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; profile (MPP), (2) a single-point profile (SPP) based on a closed-path gas analyzer, and (3) a single-point eddy covariance approach (SPE) using CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements from an open-path gas analyzer. Although the methods operated simultaneously for less than two years, both simplified approaches showed strong agreement with the reference MPP method, with coefficients of determination of R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.87 for SPP and R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.79 for SPE, whereas neglecting the storage term resulted in poor agreement (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.24). Using the SPE approach, we reconstructed a 13-year NEE time series that revealed pronounced interannual variability, with the forest generally acting as a carbon sink during La Ni&amp;ntilde;a conditions and shifting toward a carbon source during El Ni&amp;ntilde;o events and during consecutive years due to drought legacy effects. The seasonal cycle exhibited a marked carbon source peak during the transition from the dry to the wet season, likely associated with enhanced litter decomposition and increased soil respiration following the first rainfall events after prolonged dry periods. These results demonstrate that simplified single-point approaches can reliably reconstruct long-term NEE dynamics and substantially improve estimates of Amazonian carbon balance at sites where complete CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; profile measurements are unavailable.</p>
</abstract>
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