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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3027</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Coarse-mode sea spray aerosols enhance warm rain formation in in marine low clouds</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mifsud</surname>
<given-names>Katherine</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-3639</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barr</surname>
<given-names>Jason</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-3828</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Yonghoon</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-4722</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crosbie</surname>
<given-names>Ewan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Diskin</surname>
<given-names>Glenn S.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-0269</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>DiGangi</surname>
<given-names>Joshua P.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-8624</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>Richard H.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-4469</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>Claire</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shook</surname>
<given-names>Michael A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-484X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sorooshian</surname>
<given-names>Armin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-2264</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Voigt</surname>
<given-names>Christiane</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-7731</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ziemba</surname>
<given-names>Luke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmosphere and Climate Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, VA 23666, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>deceased</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>16</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Katherine Mifsud et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3027/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3027/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3027/egusphere-2026-3027.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3027/egusphere-2026-3027.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Precipitation in low clouds affects cloud responses to aerosol perturbations, thereby impacting aerosol radiative forcing of climate, a significant but indeterminate contribution to uncertainty in future warming. The onset of drizzle formation in marine low clouds may be influenced by the presence of supermicron sea salt aerosols. These particles can act as giant CCN (GCCN) that benefit from rapid condensational growth to a size that initiates collision-coalescence. Aircraft-based in-situ observations of cloud microphysical properties and aerosol size distributions from the Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) are analyzed from January&amp;ndash;June 2022. Observations from a cloud aerosol spectrometer and a cloud droplet probe in clear air are used to quantify GCCN size distributions. Modest correlations are found between GCCN and near surface-level wind speeds when averaged together into wind speed bins, a result consistent with other studies. Observed GCCN distributions and cloud thicknesses are used to drive simulations within a 1-dimensional kinematic super droplet model, exploring the conditions under which the observed GCCN distributions induce a first-order impact on precipitation rate. The model demonstrates that even relatively small GCCN salt masses (~1 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) can accelerate the onset of drizzle in lightly precipitating marine low clouds. Similarly, a statistical analysis of in-cloud data shows the ratio of rainwater to total condensed water is higher when GCCN concentration/mass is above average. Together, the results indicate a significant influence of GCCN on precipitation formation in marine low clouds.</p>
</abstract>
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<award-id>80NSSC23K0906</award-id>
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</front>
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