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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2982</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Impacts of All-Sky Himawari-9 AHI Radiance Assimilation on Cloud and Precipitation Forecasting over the Maritime Continent (JEDI-MPAS 3.0.3)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Xuewei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Zhiquan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7686</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>Lipeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>Tao</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-1590</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>I-Han</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-6793</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barker</surname>
<given-names>Dale M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Min</surname>
<given-names>Jinzhong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Climate Research Singapore, Singapore</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Earth System Modeling and Prediction Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Xuewei Zhang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2982/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2982/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2982/egusphere-2026-2982.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2982/egusphere-2026-2982.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Maritime Continent remains a long-standing challenge for numerical weather prediction&amp;nbsp;(NWP). Accurate prediction of tropical convection over this region is further complicated by its small spatial scales, rapid evolution, and strong nonlinearity. Geostationary infrared (IR) satellite observations are widely regarded as one of the most valuable data sources for regional NWP&amp;nbsp;by offering high temporal and spatial resolution over a broad domain. This capability enables near-continuous monitoring of rapidly evolving weather systems from mesoscale to convective scale.&amp;nbsp;Therefore, this study investigates the impacts of all-sky IR radiance assimilation on cloud and precipitation forecasts over this area. Both water vapor channels 8-10 and the cloud-sensitive window channel 13 from the new-generation Himawari-9 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) are assimilated using hybrid 3D/4DEnVar methods within the MPAS-JEDI system.&amp;nbsp;Cycling assimilation experiments are conducted to systematically evaluate their impacts on the analysis, background, and forecast fields using multiple independent observations.&amp;nbsp;Results suggest that, relative to clear-sky assimilation, the analyses of brightness temperatures and cloud-top heights from the all-sky AHI assimilation experiments exhibit a better fit to the all-sky observations.&amp;nbsp;Background verification&amp;nbsp;indicates&amp;nbsp;overall neutral-to-positive impacts, with particularly pronounced improvements in humidity. Furthermore, short-range cloud and precipitation forecast errors are generally reduced in the AHI assimilation experiments.&amp;nbsp;Adding&amp;nbsp;channel 13 further&amp;nbsp;enhances rainfall forecast skill during the first 12 hours,&amp;nbsp;whereas the 4DEnVar framework yields more sustained improvements at longer lead times. These results underscore the promise of all-sky AHI radiance assimilation for improving convection-permitting forecasts over the Maritime Continent.</p>
</abstract>
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