<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2705</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evaluation and Correction of Precipitation Types Measured by a PARSIVEL2 Disdrometer in a Tropical Glacier Environment</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pérez-Tello</surname>
<given-names>María A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5227-1570</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Platero</surname>
<given-names>Iralmy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Valdivia</surname>
<given-names>Jairo M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-1163</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martinez-Castro</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-4637</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Villalobos-Puma</surname>
<given-names>Elver E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>Fey Y.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-0224</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Facultad de Ingeniería, Escuela Académica Ambiental, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junín, Perú</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Subdirección de Ciencias de la Atmosfera e Hidrósfera, Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Lima, Perú</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, INAIGEM, Huaraz, 100190, Ancash, Perú</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 María A. Pérez-Tello et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2705/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2705/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2705/egusphere-2026-2705.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2705/egusphere-2026-2705.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Precipitation characteristics in high-mountain regions with complex terrain remain poorly understood because observational networks are sparse and robust instrumentation is rarely deployed. This study evaluates precipitation type measurements from a PARSIVEL2 optical disdrometer installed at 4709 m a.s.l., approximately 2.5 km from the Huaytapallana tropical glacier in the Peruvian Andes. The instrument measures the equivalent diameter and fall velocity from particle shadows crossing its laser beam; it then computes precipitation intensity (mm h&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and classifies hydrometeor types at 1 min resolution. Based on one year of observations, we identified seven precipitation types: rain, drizzle, drizzle with rain, snow, hail, soft hail, and mixed rain drizzle with snow. The original PARSIVEL2 classification indicated that drizzle with rain was the most frequent type (30.57 %), followed by snow (26.15 %). We identified 70 precipitation events (duration &amp;ge;10 min) and compared the corresponding accumulations against a Pluvio2 weighing rain gauge (threshold &amp;ge;0.25 mm). The PARSIVEL2 systematically overestimated precipitation, especially during mixed-phase events (98.5 %, 3.92 mm bias) and solid precipitation events (84.1 %, 7.09 mm bias), whereas liquid precipitation events showed minimal bias (15.7 %, 0 mm bias). The largest discrepancies occurred during extreme events (&amp;gt;10.6 mm and &amp;gt;1 h) dominated by snow, soft hail, and hail, which we attribute to misclassification of coexisting particle types and systematic deviation of the instrument&amp;rsquo;s internally calculated density values. We developed a correction methodology that combines velocity diameter reclassification criteria based on established empirical relationships with site specific density optimization. For solid precipitation, RMSE decreased from 13.05 to 4.4 mm; for mixed precipitation, the scope value improved from 1.936 to 1.004. The corrected classification identified wet snow (29.3 %) and graupel (15 %) as dominant precipitation types, whereas pure snow represented only 3.7 %. These results demonstrate the need for post processing corrections of disdrometer measurements in tropical glacier environments and provide an improved characterization of mixed-phase precipitation processes relevant to glacier mass balance assessments.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="36"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>