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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2701</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Convective activity within a tropical cyclone undergoing extratropical transition over a warmer ocean</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gómez-Plasencia</surname>
<given-names>Pedro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6351-6401</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rodríguez-Acosta</surname>
<given-names>Ernesto Javier</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7351-5182</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>González-Alemán</surname>
<given-names>Juan Jesús</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-7356</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Calvo-Sancho</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-9793</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bolgiani</surname>
<given-names>Pedro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-5831</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Díaz-Fernández</surname>
<given-names>Javier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Montoro-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>Ana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martín</surname>
<given-names>María Luisa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gómara</surname>
<given-names>Íñigo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Computer Engineering (SG), University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Center for Desertification Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GVA), Climate, Atmosphere and Ocean Laboratory (Climatoc-Lab), Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Pedro Gómez-Plasencia et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2701/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2701/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2701/egusphere-2026-2701.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2701/egusphere-2026-2701.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Northeastern Atlantic basin is a region where the number of cyclones with tropical features can increase in the future due to anthropogenic climate change, a particularly important concern given the region&amp;rsquo;s vulnerability to such systems. This work analyses the influence of warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs), expected in future climates, in the convective activity of Tropical Storm Delta. Delta, which caused strong damage over the Canary Islands (Spain) in November 2005, is representative of a tropical cyclone (TC) experiencing an extratropical transition (ET) on its path to western Europe. Two simulations of the storm were performed with the high-resolution atmospheric numerical model HARMONIE-AROME: a control simulation with initial and boundary conditions from the ERA5 reanalysis, and a warm simulation where a uniform perturbation of +2 &amp;deg;C was added to the SSTs surrounding the cyclone. The convective activity was analysed only in the convective cells near the cyclone&apos;s centre, employing the cloud tracking package Tobac, based on brightness temperature. Results show that increases in low-level water vapor flux, together with lower LCL and LFC levels and increased CAPE, create an environment more favourable for the development of deep moist convection in the warmer ocean simulation. These thermodynamic changes lead to more frequent intense moist updrafts and a larger number of convective cells associated with the cyclone, with greater vertical extent and higher precipitation rates. Consequently, Delta becomes a more intense and deeper TC, driven by latent heat release, reaching hurricane status. Later, Delta&amp;rsquo;s ET starts earlier and gets extended over time, while turning notably more severe too. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of convection within cyclones with tropical characteristics affecting the Macaronesia and Western Europe under future climates.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="27"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación</funding-source>
<award-id>PID2023-146344OBI00</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</funding-source>
<award-id>SPESMART</award-id>
<award-id>SPESVALE</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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</article>