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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2550</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Long-term BVOC Fluxes in a Suburban Tokyo Forest: Insights from Integrated Drone and Tower Observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ichikawa</surname>
<given-names>Yujiro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1569-7495</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yoshida</surname>
<given-names>Katsuhito</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yonemochi</surname>
<given-names>Shinichi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Takagi</surname>
<given-names>Kentaro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-2841</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sorimachi</surname>
<given-names>Atsuyuki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Matsuda</surname>
<given-names>Kazuhide</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ohara</surname>
<given-names>Toshimasa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo City, Saitama, 347-0115, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe City, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Hokkaido Univesity, Aza Tōkanbetsu, Horonobe Town, Teshio District, Hokkaido, 098-2943, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 1528 Horinouchi, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-0355, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182 Sowa Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-2144, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yujiro Ichikawa et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2550/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2550/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2550/egusphere-2026-2550.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2550/egusphere-2026-2550.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) substantially impact regional photochemical air pollution, global climate change, and the carbon cycle. Although research on BVOC emissions is of paramount importance, only few studies have measured long-term BVOC fluxes from forest ecosystems. There are no long-term observational studies on BVOC emissions from suburban forests of major cities in Asia under a humid subtropical climate, which may have a major impact on urban air quality. We conducted long-term, multi-height BVOC observations at a 30 m flux tower in suburban Tokyo, evaluating isoprene emission flux from a &lt;em&gt;Quercus serrata&lt;/em&gt; dominated mixed forest using the aerodynamic gradient method. Spatial variability was examined through integrated drone and tower observations, and Model of Emission Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) estimates were compared with measurements. Isoprene volume mixing ratios increased significantly during the warm season (May&amp;ndash;October), accounting for over 90% of BVOC composition in peak summer, while monoterpenes remained low with minimal vertical gradients. Isoprene exhibited distinct vertical volume mixing ratio gradients peaking within the canopy, with daily average emission flux ranging from &amp;minus;0.05 to 15.30 mg&amp;middot;m⁻&amp;sup2;&amp;middot;h⁻&amp;sup1;. Horizontal volume mixing ratio variability within 30 m reached 10&amp;ndash;30%, with enhanced heterogeneity in summer. Horizontal flux differed by approximately 30% between tower (height: 23&amp;ndash;30 m) and drone (30&amp;ndash;40 m) measurements. MEGAN systematically overestimated observations with maximum deviations in summer. These findings, derived from long-term observations, will contribute to assessing the impact of BVOCs on air quality and climate in cities worldwide, beyond temperate humid regions of Asia, and to reducing model uncertainties.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="39"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Japan Society for the Promotion of Science</funding-source>
<award-id>23K11413</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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