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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2168</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>From Forecast to Alert: Designing an AI-Driven Flood Early Warning System for the White Volta Basin Using Open Satellite Data</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Obeng</surname>
<given-names>Joseph Junior</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1507-7533</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>Hongyong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Safety Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Joseph Junior Obeng</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2168/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2168/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2168/egusphere-2026-2168.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2168/egusphere-2026-2168.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Flood early warning in the White Volta Basin of northern Ghana is complicated by unmonitored dam releases from Burkina Faso&amp;rsquo;s Bagre Reservoir, which existing globally calibrated systems do not account for. We present an end-to-end AI-driven flood early warning system built entirely from open satellite data. An ensemble of Random Forest, XGBoost, and LSTM models trained on GRDC discharge, CHIRPS rainfall, ERA5-Land reanalysis, and a novel JRC-derived Bagre storage proxy achieved Kling-Gupta Efficiency scores of 0.984, 0.974, and 0.957 at 1-, 3-, and 5-day lead times on an independent test period, exceeding the GloFAS v2.1 African median benchmark of approximately 0.35, though direct comparison against GloFAS v4 at Nawuni was not undertaken. A four-tier alert system calibrated to 30-year flood return periods achieved a cross-validated Red-tier probability of detection of 0.902 (false alarm ratio 0.134) at one-day lead, declining to 0.762 at five days; higher-tier skill rests on leave-one-year-out cross-validation rather than held-out evidence, as the test period contains no Orange or Red events. Sentinel-1 SAR mapping confirmed that threshold exceedances correspond to observed inundation extents of 50 to 149 km&amp;sup2;. The system integrates into Ghana&apos;s existing myDEWETRA-VOLTALARM platform without requiring new institutional infrastructure.</p>
</abstract>
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