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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-2062</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>First Energetic Neutral Atom images of the Earth&amp;rsquo;s magnetosphere from the JENI detector on board the JUICE mission during the Lunar and Earth Gravity Assist</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dialynas</surname>
<given-names>Konstantinos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gkioulidou</surname>
<given-names>Matina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitchell</surname>
<given-names>Donald</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brandt</surname>
<given-names>Pontus</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-0306</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>George</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Roussos</surname>
<given-names>Elias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-0678</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kollmann</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-9760</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Regoli</surname>
<given-names>Leonardo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7628-1510</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Allegrini</surname>
<given-names>Frederic</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-4380</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Andre</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jia</surname>
<given-names>Xianzhe</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-1484</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khurana</surname>
<given-names>Krishan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-1171</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Patty</surname>
<given-names>Carol</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-9880</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barabash</surname>
<given-names>Stas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wurz</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Academy of Athens, Center for Space Research and Technology, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNES-CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier,  Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Institut Supérieur de l&apos;Aéronautique et de l&apos;Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California at Los Angles, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascade Hall, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Space Science and Planetology, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>These authors contributed equally to this work.</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Konstantinos Dialynas et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2062/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2062/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2062/egusphere-2026-2062.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-2062/egusphere-2026-2062.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Jovian Energetic Neutrals and Ions (JENI), part of the Particle Environment Package (PEP), on the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft is a state-of-the-art detector, capable of analyzing the energy and direction of incident Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from planetary magnetospheres. Our analysis focuses on 2.86&amp;ndash;85.5 keV Hydrogen ENA measurements between 21 to 24 August 2024 when JUICE performed the Lunar and Earth Gravity Assist (LEGA). During the LEGA, JENI had a unique opportunity to obtain continuous, 7.5-minute accumulation time global images of the terrestrial magnetosphere as the spacecraft moved outward from ~17 to 150 Earth Radii. Although there were no indications of substantial geomagnetic storms developing during that time, substorm activity was observed based on eight distinct dips of the SuperMAG AL (SML) index down to ~-250 nT for the four last ones and even down to ~-400 nT for the four first ones. Our results indicate increased ENA emissions associated with the onsets of these events, suggesting direct responses to the increased energetic ion activity during those substorm events. Unlike the periods of intense geomagnetic storms, during which proton intensities build up the ring current evolving from an asymmetric distribution during the main phase to a roughly symmetric distribution during the recovery phase, the images from JENI during this interval show non-uniform ENA emissions in the plasma sheet, suggesting transient processes, such as a series of repeated nightside injections. The nightside ENA intensities are generally brighter than those from the dayside, possibly reflecting magnetotail processes associated with energetic ions being injected.</p>
</abstract>
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