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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1883</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>First Observations of the Solar-Heating Imprint on Seasonal Variations in Diurnal Tidal Structure in the MLT Region</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yi</surname>
<given-names>Wen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-6811</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jianyuan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-050X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xue</surname>
<given-names>Xianghui</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-9900</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Chengyun</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-637X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reid</surname>
<given-names>Iain M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-9047</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vincent</surname>
<given-names>Robert A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-6544</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mackinnon</surname>
<given-names>Andrew</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>Damian J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-5560</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gulbrandsen</surname>
<given-names>Njål</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tsutsumi</surname>
<given-names>Masaki</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-8311</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ning</surname>
<given-names>Baiqi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Guozhu</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-3590</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitchell</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moffat-Griffin</surname>
<given-names>Tracy</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-6715</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tsuda</surname>
<given-names>Toshitaka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Alan Z.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-7120</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Qiao</surname>
<given-names>Zishun</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-7313</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Haiying</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Batista</surname>
<given-names>Paulo P.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-5803</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Jianfei</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-9296</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Tingdi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dou</surname>
<given-names>Xiankang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-space, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research Station, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>ATRAD Pty Ltd., Underdale, South Australia, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Tromsø Geophysical Observatory, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Department of Electronic &amp; Electrical Engineering, The University of Bath, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Center for Space and Atmospheric Research, Department of Physical Sciences, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>High Altitude Observatory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Heliophysics, Planetary Science and Aeronomy Division, National Institute for Space Research-INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Wen Yi et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1883/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1883/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1883/egusphere-2026-1883.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1883/egusphere-2026-1883.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A global climatology of diurnal tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is constructed using multiyear observations from fifteen meteor radars distributed worldwide. The results show that diurnal tidal amplitudes are strongest at low and mid-latitudes (10&amp;deg;&amp;ndash;50&amp;deg; N/S), with peak values of about 60 m s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; near 20&amp;deg;&amp;ndash;30&amp;deg; N/S, and are comparatively weak near the Equator and at polar latitudes. The seasonal variations of the diurnal tide are characterized by maxima around the equinoxes and minima during the solstices. In addition to these global climatological features, we identify a clear modulation of the vertical structure of diurnal tidal amplitude and phase by seasonal variations in solar forcing, represented here by the solar zenith angle (SZA). This modulation is particularly evident at northern low and mid-latitudes, but is much weaker in the Southern Hemisphere. The hemispheric asymmetry suggests that the tidal response to solar forcing is not globally uniform. To further explore the possible cause of this asymmetry, we examine the meridional fluxes of zonal tidal momentum. The results suggest that background zonal winds can influence tidal propagation through filtering effects and momentum drag, thereby contributing to the observed hemispheric differences in tidal structure. These results provide new observational evidence for the coupling between solar forcing and diurnal tides in the MLT region and offer useful constraints for the evaluation of general circulation models. They also improve our understanding of tidal propagation and variability in the middle and upper atmosphere.</p>
</abstract>
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