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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1633</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Horizontal sensible heat advection increases snow melt rates: Beyond point measurements</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schwat</surname>
<given-names>Eli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Haugeneder</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reynolds</surname>
<given-names>Dylan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-6092</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hogan</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0553-6783</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gutmann</surname>
<given-names>Ethan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-3430</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lundquist</surname>
<given-names>Jessica D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>University of Washington, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Eli Schwat et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1633/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1633/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1633/egusphere-2026-1633.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1633/egusphere-2026-1633.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In the atmospheric surface layer, it is generally assumed that vertical fluxes dominate near-surface heat transport and heat exchange between the atmosphere and the earth&apos;s surface. However, when the earth&apos;s surface is covered in patchy snow, near-surface horizontal advection of heat may be significant, and it&apos;s impact on snow melt rates is disputed. We estimated the contribution of horizontal sensible heat advection (Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;) to snow melt using 8 days of measurements collected in May 2023 in the alpine East River basin in Colorado, Rocky Mountains, USA. We used an infrared video camera and polyester sheet to estimate Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;, 3-meter resolution satellite imagery to track fractional snow covered area (fSCA), a scanning lidar to estimate snow melt rates, and micrometeorological and eddy covariance measurements to characterize the surface energy balance. Infrared camera measurements of Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; over a single snow patch show that Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; contributes to snow melt and is largest at the patch&apos;s upwind edge. Lidar-based snow melt measurements show that melt rates are highest at the upwind edge, further suggesting that Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; causes snow melt. Over four days when fSCA was less than 62%, Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; estimates ranged from &amp;nbsp;234&amp;ndash;584 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and mid-day net radiation ranged from 331&amp;ndash;508 W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;. When we considered only vertical heat fluxes, radiative fluxes, and snow melt in a snow patch surface energy balance equation, we found a mid-day residual between 267&amp;ndash;668 &amp;nbsp;W m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, and the residual increased as fSCA decreased. The approximate match between the energy balance residual and estimated Q&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt; suggests that advection is an important factor to consider when predicting snow melt. On days with low fSCA (&amp;lt; 62%), horizontal advection may contribute as much to snow melt as net radiation.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>2139836</award-id>
<award-id>2139809</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>U.S. Department of Energy</funding-source>
<award-id>DE-SC0024075</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</funding-source>
<award-id>80NSSC21K1151</award-id>
<award-id>80NSSC24K0050</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs4">
<funding-source>Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung</funding-source>
<award-id>188554</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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