<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1589</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Global and regional emissions of 1,2-dichloroethane derived from AGAGE and NOAA observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pitt</surname>
<given-names>Joseph R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8660-5136</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rust</surname>
<given-names>Dominique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ganesan</surname>
<given-names>Anita</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-8923</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Western</surname>
<given-names>Luke M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-711X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vollmer</surname>
<given-names>Martin K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-9718</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mühle</surname>
<given-names>Jens</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-3642</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bühlmann</surname>
<given-names>Tobias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Harth</surname>
<given-names>Christina M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Montzka</surname>
<given-names>Stephen A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9396-0400</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>Brad D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vimont</surname>
<given-names>Isaac J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manning</surname>
<given-names>Alistair J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-7514</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Redington</surname>
<given-names>Alison L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Henne</surname>
<given-names>Stephan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-4887</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>Daniela B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Annadate</surname>
<given-names>Saurabh</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-5431</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Constantin</surname>
<given-names>Lionel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0347-4897</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>Brendan M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rigby</surname>
<given-names>Matthew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-9253</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>Dickon</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-3138</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>O'Doherty</surname>
<given-names>Simon</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-6760</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wenger</surname>
<given-names>Angelina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lunder</surname>
<given-names>Chris R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hermansen</surname>
<given-names>Ove</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wagenhäuser</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-6108</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Engel</surname>
<given-names>Andreas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-3935</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Arduini</surname>
<given-names>Jgor</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-3853</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Maione</surname>
<given-names>Michela</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-5772</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yun</surname>
<given-names>Jaegeun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitrevski</surname>
<given-names>Blagoj</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-0083</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krummel</surname>
<given-names>Paul B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-3678</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fraser</surname>
<given-names>Paul J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Jooil</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-4882</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Ray H. J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-3239</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rhee</surname>
<given-names>Tae Siek</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-9431</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Salameh</surname>
<given-names>Peter K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Spain</surname>
<given-names>T. Gerard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reimann</surname>
<given-names>Stefan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-7138</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Prinn</surname>
<given-names>Ronald G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weiss</surname>
<given-names>Ray F.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-7739</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>Kieran M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-0932</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Center for Sustainability Science and Strategy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory for Gas Analysis, METAS, Federal Institute of Metrology, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Bologna, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>NILU, Kjeller, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth System Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>CSIRO Environment, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>GC Soft Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>These authors contributed equally to this work.</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Joseph R. Pitt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1589/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1589/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1589/egusphere-2026-1589.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1589/egusphere-2026-1589.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>For the first time, we present long-term, ongoing atmospheric measurements of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE, CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ClCH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cl) from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) global monitoring networks. DCE is an industrially produced, very short-lived chlorinated substance (Cl-VSLS) that has the potential to contribute chlorine to the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion. Compared to other Cl-VSLS, DCE is produced in higher volumes for its primary use as a feedstock in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacture. This production has sustained annual mean mole fractions at the Earth&amp;rsquo;s surface of between 5 and 10 ppt during 2017&amp;ndash;2023, making it the third most abundant Cl-VSLS. In this study we estimate mean global emissions for 2017&amp;ndash;2023 of 453 [268, 638] Gg yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; using the AGAGE observations, and 525 [316, 734] Gg yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; using the NOAA observations. We also use AGAGE measurements to estimate regional emissions for northwest Europe (2.06 [1.31, 2.65] Gg yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and California (0.23 [0, 0.37] Gg yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;), two domains with sufficient observational coverage to enable this approach. Our global emissions estimates are consistent (within uncertainties) with the only previously published estimate by Hossaini et al. (2024), whereas our regional emission estimates are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those in that study. This suggests global total emissions may be well constrained, but their spatial distribution remains uncertain. Improved measurement coverage in key source regions of DCE could address that uncertainty and better constrain the contribution of DCE to ozone-depleting chlorine in the stratosphere.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="44"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</funding-source>
<award-id>80NSSC21K1369</award-id>
<award-id>80NSSC21K1210</award-id>
<award-id>80NSSC21K1201</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Government of the United Kingdom</funding-source>
<award-id>TRN1028/06/2015</award-id>
<award-id>TRN1537/06/2018</award-id>
<award-id>TRN5488/11/2021</award-id>
<award-id>prj_1604</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</funding-source>
<award-id>RA-133-R15-CN-0008</award-id>
<award-id>1305M319CNRMJ0028</award-id>
<award-id>1305M324P0411</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs4">
<funding-source>European Commission</funding-source>
<award-id>PIR01 00015</award-id>
<award-id>19ENV06</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs5">
<funding-source>European Commission</funding-source>
<award-id>10108430</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs6">
<funding-source>National Research Foundation of Korea</funding-source>
<award-id>RS-2023-00229318</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs7">
<funding-source>Korea Polar Research Institute</funding-source>
<award-id>PE26170</award-id>
<award-id>PE13410</award-id>
<award-id>PE20150</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs8">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/X00452X/1</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>