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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1415</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Is the volume-frequency distribution of eruptions a power-law? Accounting for volume uncertainty in modeling the size distribution of volcanic eruptions</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ferrara</surname>
<given-names>Salvatore</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5605-8573</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Selva</surname>
<given-names>Jacopo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-6934</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Natale</surname>
<given-names>Jacopo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-3783</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marzocchi</surname>
<given-names>Warner</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9114-1516</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Modeling and Engineering Risk and Complexity, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, 80138, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth, Environmental, and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Geo-environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Salvatore Ferrara et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1415/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1415/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1415/egusphere-2026-1415.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1415/egusphere-2026-1415.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Forecasting the size of a future volcanic eruption in densely populated areas is a key aspect of volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Estimates of the next eruption&apos;s size for both long- and short-term forecasts are typically based on the sizes of past events. Using the erupted volume as a proxy for eruptive size, forecasts are often obtained from the sampling of a power-law distribution. Notwithstanding, the distribution of the measured/inferred erupted volume of past eruptions often appears markedly different from a power-law. Here, we consider how the uncertainty on the volume of past eruptions may affect the shape of a hypothetical power-law distribution. The goal is to understand if the distribution of real data is compatible with an Exponentially Modified Gaussian distribution (EMG) that includes both the power-law and the uncertainty on the observed volumes. We apply this method to two large high-risk calderas, Campi Flegrei, Italy, and Taupo, New Zealand, but it can be potentially applied to any volcano. We find that the EMG distribution provides a good statistical fit to both volcanoes&apos; eruptive records, supporting the use of a power-law distribution for forecasting the volume of the next eruption.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="23"/></counts>
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