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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1126</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A neural-process framework for stochastic simulation of spatially dependent geoscientific fields</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zuo</surname>
<given-names>Renguang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Dazheng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Mingang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074,  China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>17</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Jian Wang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1126/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1126/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1126/egusphere-2026-1126.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1126/egusphere-2026-1126.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Geostatistical simulation (e.g., sequential Gaussian simulation, SGSim) provides an effective framework for quantifying variability of geoscientific variables and supporting risk-informed decision-making in various scenarios. These approaches are theoretically well grounded under assumptions such as stationarity and Gaussianity, and their practical implementation typically involves explicit variogram modeling and repeated neighborhood-based computations, which may become demanding in large-scale or high-dimensional settings. Recently, data-driven modeling strategies have gained increasing attention across scientific disciplines, offering flexible mechanisms for learning spatial dependence structures directly from data. This development motivates the exploration of learning-based alternatives for stochastic simulation. In this paper, artificial neural network-based models were constructed to address the above issues. A series of simulation experiments was generated to test and validate the proposed model. Our results suggest that: (1) spatial dependence can be captured by two complementary strategies, using neighboring attributes (e.g., spatial lag features) and encoding relative positions (e.g., MEM); (2) within our experiments, the proposed data-driven model appears less sensitive to non-Gaussianity and non-stationarity; and (3) the model provides a feasible complement to SGSim by reproducing key statistics (histogram, variogram) with favorable computational cost and flexible model configuration, particularly for large conditioning neighborhoods.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science and Technology Major Project</funding-source>
<award-id>No. 2025ZD1007703</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>No. 42572390</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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