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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-1087</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>LFD (v1.0): Latent-Compression-Free Generative Diffusion with Geological Priors and Geophysical Regularization for Implicit Structural Modeling</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Zhixiang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Xinming</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-8253</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dou</surname>
<given-names>Yimin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>Hui</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0963-2554</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Caumon</surname>
<given-names>Guillaume</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and  Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, F-54000 Nancy, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Zhixiang Guo et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1087/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1087/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1087/egusphere-2026-1087.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-1087/egusphere-2026-1087.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Diffusion models provide a promising way to model the distribution of implicit structural models, potentially improving generalization across surveys. However, existing diffusion Transformer pipelines scale poorly to high-dimensional geophysical data because noise- or velocity-prediction objectives are often unstable at large patch sizes, forcing the use of small patches that lead to long token sequences and high computational cost. To reduce computation, most approaches rely on Variational autoencoders (VAEs) and latent diffusion, but robust pretrained VAEs are scarce in geophysics, and enforcing geological priors in latent space is difficult. To address these scalability bottlenecks and the difficulty of enforcing geological priors in latent space, we propose &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L&lt;/strong&gt;atent-Compression-&lt;strong&gt;F&lt;/strong&gt;ree Generative &lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;iffusion (LFD) with Geological Priors and Geophysical Regularization&lt;/em&gt; for implicit structural modeling. Built on flow matching, LFD generates implicit structural models directly in the data space, enabling efficient large-patch Vision Transformer (ViT) inference and allowing fault/horizon constraints and geophysical regularization to be applied explicitly during generation. To strengthen structural conditioning, we design a structure-enhanced Transformer that injects horizon and fault embeddings at multiple layers. We further introduce two prior-guided losses: a horizon loss to match the generated models to the input horizons, and a fault-aware bending-energy term that regularizes smoothness while ignoring stencils across faults. By enforcing these priors directly in the data space, the model is effectively constrained to generate geologically reasonable structures. Experiments on both synthetic data and real surveys validate the effectiveness of LFD for prior-guided implicit structural modeling. Benefiting from large-patch inference, LFD generates a 512x512 model in 1.56 s on an NVIDIA H20 GPU. With relative positional encoding, LFD can be extended to higher resolutions via simple adaptation without retraining. Overall, LFD offers new insights into deploying diffusion models for high-dimensional geophysical data, enabling efficient generation with interpretable, prior-guided constraints.</p>
</abstract>
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