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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-6135</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>DeepMIP-Eocene-p2: Experimental design for Phase 2 of the early Eocene component of the the CMIP7/PMIP7 Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP-Eocene)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lunt</surname>
<given-names>Daniel J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-6928</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>Nicky M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-3193</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vaes</surname>
<given-names>Bram</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-6804</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Salzmann</surname>
<given-names>Ulrich</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-5327</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rae</surname>
<given-names>James W. B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2526</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hickler</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hutchinson</surname>
<given-names>David K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-4782</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brugger</surname>
<given-names>Julia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-0464</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Jiang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-5130</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Steinig</surname>
<given-names>Sebastian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meckler</surname>
<given-names>A. Nele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Inglis</surname>
<given-names>Gordon N.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-4668</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-671X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>de Boer</surname>
<given-names>Agatha M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Otto-Bliesner</surname>
<given-names>Bette L.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-1598</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Burls</surname>
<given-names>Natalie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-3808</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Yurui</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sluijs</surname>
<given-names>Appy</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-0215</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reichgelt</surname>
<given-names>Tammo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-5489</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Niezgodzki</surname>
<given-names>Igor</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6746-8332</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meissner</surname>
<given-names>Katrin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-7415</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ladant</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Baptiste</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-0242</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kelemen</surname>
<given-names>Fanni D.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-4945</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huber</surname>
<given-names>Matthew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-9977</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Greenwood</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-9695</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
<sup>21</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>Mattias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-1040</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
<sup>22</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Boscolo-Galazzo</surname>
<given-names>Flavia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-5321</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">
<sup>23</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blau</surname>
<given-names>Mauel Tobias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-6040</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
<sup>24</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baatsen</surname>
<given-names>Michiel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-7005</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
<sup>25</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of Geography and Natural Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Germany; Department of Physical Geography, Geosciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Geo- and Environmental Research Center, University of Tübingen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80305, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Science, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences Department, George Mason University, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological Oceanography, Xiamen University, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Conneticut, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21">
<label>21</label>
<addr-line>Department of Biology, Brandon University, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff22">
<label>22</label>
<addr-line>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff23">
<label>23</label>
<addr-line>MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff24">
<label>24</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff25">
<label>25</label>
<addr-line>IMAU, Utrecht University, Department of Physics, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Daniel J. Lunt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-6135/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-6135/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-6135/egusphere-2025-6135.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-6135/egusphere-2025-6135.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Warm, high-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; climates of Earth&apos;s past provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing, and to explore mechanisms that lead to such warmth. One such time period is the early Eocene, when global mean surface temperatures were 10&amp;ndash;17 &amp;deg;C higher than preindustrial, and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations were ~1500 ppmv. In this paper we present the experimental design for Phase 2 of the Eocene component of the Deep-time Model Intercomparison project (DeepMIP-Eocene-p2). The aim is to provide a framework for modelling groups to carry out a common set of simulations, thereby facilitating exploration of inter-model dependencies. The focus is on the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, ~53.3&amp;ndash;49.1 million years ago). Relative to Phase 1 of DeepMIP-Eocene, we provide a new paleogeography (topography, bathymetry) derived from several recent independent reconstructions that focused on different regions, a new vegetation derived by merging paleobotanical data with vegetation model simulations, and a new CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; specification derived from recent reevaluations of proxy data. The core set of simulations consists of a preindustrial control, an abrupt increase to 4x preindustrial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations from this preindustrial control, a standard control EECO simulation at 5x preindustrial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, and an EECO simulation with preindustrial CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations. In addition to these core simulations, we suggest a suite of optional sensitivity studies, which allow the impact of various factors to be explored, such as topography/bathymetry, greenhouse gases, land-surface parameters, astronomical and solar forcings, and internal model parameters. The updated boundary conditions and guidance on initialisation and spinup in Phase 2 will allow more robust model-data comparisons, more accurate insights into mechanisms influencing early Eocene climate, and increased relevance for informing future climate change projections.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="30"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/N006828/1</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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