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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-5926</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Improved constraints on ammonia emissions and deposition from co-assimilating NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; satellite observations over the Netherlands</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wizenberg</surname>
<given-names>Tyler</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-8610</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dammers</surname>
<given-names>Enrico</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-8205</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Segers</surname>
<given-names>Arjo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-0195</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shephard</surname>
<given-names>Mark W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-9612</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Coheur</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Clarisse</surname>
<given-names>Lieven</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-2141</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Van Damme</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1752-0558</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eskes</surname>
<given-names>Henk</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-4455</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wichink Kruit</surname>
<given-names>Roy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van der Graaf</surname>
<given-names>Shelley</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-7763</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schaap</surname>
<given-names>Martijn</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2511</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Air Quality &amp; Emissions Research, TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Environmental Sciences, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Freie Universiteit Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Environment &amp; Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Toronto, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), BLU-ULB research Center, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Tyler Wizenberg et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-5926/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-5926/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-5926/egusphere-2025-5926.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2025-5926/egusphere-2025-5926.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) and nitrogen dioxide (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) are key components of reactive nitrogen, strongly affecting air quality and ecosystem health. However, long-term constraints on ammonia emissions and deposition remain uncertain due to sparse in situ measurements and limitations of individual satellite products. We jointly assimilate five years (2018&amp;ndash;2022) of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; satellite observations over the Netherlands to improve constraints on reactive nitrogen concentrations, emissions, and deposition. NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) are combined with NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) within the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model using a Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter. The co-assimilation produces coherent year-to-year adjustments in modeled NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; concentration, emission, and deposition fields. Validation against measurements from the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network (LML) shows reduced biases, clearer diurnal cycles, and improved correlations. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that including TROPOMI NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; alongside IASI and CrIS NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; yields the lowest NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; surface bias versus LML, highlighting the added value of coupling chemically related satellite observations. Comparisons with monthly Measurements of Ammonia in Nature (MAN) observations showed improved correlations but persistent spatial biases due to representativeness differences, while MAN sensors co-located with LML stations exhibited consistent improvements. These results demonstrate that co-assimilating complementary satellite observations can substantially improve constraints on ammonia emissions and deposition, with direct relevance for air-quality assessment and nitrogen policy applications.</p>
</abstract>
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