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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-721</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Towards an improved understanding of the impact of clouds and precipitation on the representation of aerosols over the Boreal Forest in GCMs</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Talvinen</surname>
<given-names>Sini</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-7206</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tovazzi</surname>
<given-names>Emanuele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Holopainen</surname>
<given-names>Eemeli</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-3430</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cremer</surname>
<given-names>Roxana</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-8713</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kühn</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-0601</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kokkola</surname>
<given-names>Harri</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-6670</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kipling</surname>
<given-names>Zak</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-000X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Neubauer</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-3946</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Teixeira</surname>
<given-names>João C.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-5653</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sellar</surname>
<given-names>Alistair</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-7254</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Watson-Parris</surname>
<given-names>Duncan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-4950</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Yang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-5137</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Jialei</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-8996</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krishnan</surname>
<given-names>Srinath</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Virtanen</surname>
<given-names>Annele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Partridge</surname>
<given-names>Daniel G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, 70211, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,  CA 92093, United states</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,  Nanjing, Jiangsu, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, 0349, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>now at: Department of Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm,  10691, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>now at: Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences of Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, 26504,  Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>now at: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Sini Talvinen et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-721/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-721/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-721/egusphere-2025-721.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-721/egusphere-2025-721.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>General circulation models (GCMs) face uncertainties in estimating Earth&apos;s radiative budget due to aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). Accurate aerosol number size distributions are crucial for improving ACI representation in GCMs, requiring precise modelling of aerosol source and sink processes throughout their lifetime. This study employs a Lagrangian trajectory framework to analyse how clouds and precipitation influence aerosol lifecycles during transport in the boreal forest. A comparison of two GCMs, the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1) and ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0 with the SALSA2.0 aerosol module (ECHAM-SALSA), is conducted. An evaluation against in-situ observations and reanalysis-based trajectories is performed. Results show that overall aerosol-precipitation trends are similar between GCMs and observations. However, seasonal differences emerge: in summer, UKESM1 exhibits more efficient aerosol removal via precipitation than ECHAM-SALSA and observations, whereas in winter, the opposite is observed. These were found to coincide with differences in key variables controlling aerosol activation, such as sub-grid scale updraughts and number size distributions. For example, in winter the removal of the total aerosol mass in ECHAM-SALSA was stronger compared to UKESM1, coinciding with higher activated fractions during airmass transport, which, on the other hand, were likely due to the larger sub-grid scale updraughts in ECHAM-SALSA. For both GCMs, investigation of aqueous-phase chemical processing along the trajectories showed clear increase of SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; mass for cloud-processed air masses when compared to clear sky conditions, in-line with the observations. As expected, based on the model parametrizations, these increases in SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; were mostly distributed to the accumulation mode aerosols.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="49"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>821205</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility</funding-source>
<award-id>101137680</award-id>
<award-id>101137639</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>Research Council of Finland</funding-source>
<award-id>317373</award-id>
<award-id>317390</award-id>
<award-id>337550</award-id>
<award-id>325022</award-id>
<award-id>352968</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
</back>
</article>