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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-6191</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>ESA/JUICE encounters Earth/Moon in 2024: overview of the Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS) observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Poulet</surname>
<given-names>François</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Piccioni</surname>
<given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Langevin</surname>
<given-names>Yves</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dumesnil</surname>
<given-names>Cydalise</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carlier</surname>
<given-names>Vincent</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seignovert</surname>
<given-names>Benoit</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-275X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dexet</surname>
<given-names>Marc</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>N. Fletcher</surname>
<given-names>Leigh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Leyrat</surname>
<given-names>Cédric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Altieri</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>D’Aversa</surname>
<given-names>Emiliano</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-5867</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Sanctis</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grassi</surname>
<given-names>Davide</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-3066</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guerlet</surname>
<given-names>Sandrine</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-899X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Le Mouélic</surname>
<given-names>Stéphane</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-1367</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Migliorini</surname>
<given-names>Alessandra</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-9215</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oliva</surname>
<given-names>Fabrizio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-3722</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Royer</surname>
<given-names>Clément</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>Sébastien</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-0641</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stephan</surname>
<given-names>Katrin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-0145</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tosi</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-2434</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zambon</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-6592</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Adriani</surname>
<given-names>Alberto</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-8008</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Arnold</surname>
<given-names>Gabriele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bibring</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bockelée</surname>
<given-names>Dominique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brunetto</surname>
<given-names>Rosario</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3001-9362</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Capaccioni</surname>
<given-names>Fabrizio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-4314</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carli</surname>
<given-names>Cristian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-1029</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cavalié</surname>
<given-names>Thibault</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-1192</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cisneros González</surname>
<given-names>Miriam</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-6980</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ciarnello</surname>
<given-names>Mauro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-5207</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Angelis</surname>
<given-names>Simone</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-7233</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Drossart</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Filacchione</surname>
<given-names>Gianrico</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-0055</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fouchet</surname>
<given-names>Thierry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gérard</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Claude</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-8746</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grodent</surname>
<given-names>Denis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Irwin</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jacquinod</surname>
<given-names>Sophie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Karatekin</surname>
<given-names>Ozgur</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-7291</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lellouch</surname>
<given-names>Emmanuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ligier</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mangold</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-0631</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mebsout</surname>
<given-names>Magali</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Merlin</surname>
<given-names>Frédéric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Morbidelli</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mura</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-4292</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nathues</surname>
<given-names>Andreas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>E. Palumbo</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pilorget</surname>
<given-names>Cédric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Poch</surname>
<given-names>Olivier</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-8296</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Quirico</surname>
<given-names>Eric</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Raponi</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-0099</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Robert</surname>
<given-names>Séverine</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-3027</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Roussos</surname>
<given-names>Elias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-0678</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sanchez-Lavega</surname>
<given-names>Agustin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-1522</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schmitt</surname>
<given-names>Bernard</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-6627</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sindoni</surname>
<given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Snels</surname>
<given-names>Marcel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-5237</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sordini</surname>
<given-names>Roberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stefani</surname>
<given-names>Stefania</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Strazzulla</surname>
<given-names>Giovanni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Trent</surname>
<given-names>Tim</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-5808</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tobie</surname>
<given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Turrini</surname>
<given-names>Diego</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1923-7740</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vandaele</surname>
<given-names>Ann-Carine</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-9301</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vincendon</surname>
<given-names>Mathieu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Witasse</surname>
<given-names>Olivier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vallat</surname>
<given-names>Claire</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moraino</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-6261</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>IAS, CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS), I-00133, Roma, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>LPG, UMR-CNRS 6112, OSUNA, Nantes Université, 44322 Nantes cedex, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>LMD, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université PSL, Institut Polytechnique, Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP), CNRS, Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>LAB, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, 1180 Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>IAP, 75014 Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>LPAP, STAR Institute, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 NICE Cedex 4, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>MPI for Solar System Research, 37077 Goettingen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Escuela Ingenieria de Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>ESA, ESOC, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 François Poulet et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6191/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6191/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6191/egusphere-2025-6191.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6191/egusphere-2025-6191.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Lunar-Earth Gravitational Assist (LEGA) of 19&amp;ndash;20 August 2024 marked the first in-flight opportunity beyond functional checks to perform MAJIS (Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) observations on-board the ESA&apos;s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft. This unique double flyby involved sequential close approaches to the Moon and Earth, offering an unprecedented configuration to evaluate MAJIS under high radiance, rapidly changing geometric, and operationally constrained conditions. A total of 24 hyperspectral image cubes were acquired (5 targeting the Moon and 19 the Earth) providing a dataset of approximately 7.5 Gbit. This work presents the primary goal of this observation campaign, which was to verify key aspects of MAJIS performance, including radiometric and spectral calibration, straylight behavior, geometric alignment, the use of onboard browse products, and interference tests with other JUICE instruments. This event also enabled assessment of thermal behavior and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and provided a first operational benchmark for MAJIS and a basis for refining future observation strategies and data analyses during JUICE&apos;s cruise and science phases. In addition, despite limited spatial and temporal coverage of the observations, the analyses presented here and in a series of companion papers of the special issue &quot;&lt;em&gt;The first-ever lunar-Earth flyby: a unique test environment for JUICE&lt;/em&gt;&quot; demonstrated the instrument&apos;s ability to characterize mineralogical features on the Moon and atmospheric constituents on Earth. Observations include detection of mafic minerals (some associated to fresh excavated materials), thermal emission, and emissivity variations on the Moon at spatial scale of 100&amp;ndash;200 m. Characterization of atmospheric absorption features, thermal brightness, icy cloud properties are captured for the Earth at km-scale and shortly discussed in the framework of the atmospheric biosignatures relevant to exoplanet habitability studies. Near-coincident acquisitions with other JUICE instruments and Earth-orbiting spectrometers provided valuable inter-calibration and cross-validation opportunities.</p>
</abstract>
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