<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-6072</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Bomb-radiocarbon signal suggests that soil carbon contributes to chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; in archival oak leaves</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishikawa</surname>
<given-names>Naoto F.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-9512</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Suga</surname>
<given-names>Hisami</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van der Voort</surname>
<given-names>Tessa S.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-3280</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nyffeler</surname>
<given-names>Reto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ogawa</surname>
<given-names>Nanako O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Haghipour</surname>
<given-names>Negar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wacker</surname>
<given-names>Lukas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-2678</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eglinton</surname>
<given-names>Timothy I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ohkouchi</surname>
<given-names>Naohiko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory for Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Naoto F. Ishikawa et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6072/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6072/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6072/egusphere-2025-6072.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-6072/egusphere-2025-6072.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;span&gt;Carbon exchange between biosphere and rhizosphere is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Photosynthetic products being sequestered into soils have been intensively studied, yet the reverse pathway from rhizosphere to biosphere is poorly known. In the present study, we &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;determined&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; the radiocarbon content (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;Delta;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;C) of the bulk leaves of the deciduous &lt;em&gt;Quercus&lt;/em&gt; oak and of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; extracted from the same leaves collected in Switzerland during the 1950s and 2000s. Our results demonstrate that old soil-derived carbon significantly contributes to the synthesis of chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;, an essential molecule for photoautotrophs. The &amp;Delta;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C values of chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; were consistently lower than those of bulk leaves which closely tracked bomb-derived &amp;Delta;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C signals in the atmosphere. The results cannot be explained without invoking an additional carbon source with a turnover time exceeding 100 years. A two-pool mixing model assuming atmosphere and rhizosphere as two endmembers indicates that contributions of the soil carbon to chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; are 19 &amp;plusmn; 5 % (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 4), and turnover time of such soil carbon is no shorter than 1,300 years. We suggest that hydrophilic compounds such as amino acids or phytol are transferred into plant roots from soils through mycorrhizal symbionts, and chlorophyll &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is one of the destinations of such &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-depleted carbon in vascular plants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="23"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Japan Society for the Promotion of Science</funding-source>
<award-id>Overseas Research Fellowship (2016-214)</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Japan Society for the Promotion of Science</funding-source>
<award-id>Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (19K22463)</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>