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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-5803</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Sensitivity of cloud structure and precipitation to cloud microphysics schemes in ICON and implications for global km-scale simulations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sela</surname>
<given-names>Maor</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2766-7078</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weiss</surname>
<given-names>Philipp</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-4681</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stier</surname>
<given-names>Philip</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-0128</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Maor Sela et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-5803/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-5803/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-5803/egusphere-2025-5803.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-5803/egusphere-2025-5803.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Cloud microphysics remains a major source of uncertainty in km-scale atmospheric models. While cloud-resolving models have advanced our understanding of cloud-climate interactions, their predictability remains limited. Most studies have examined either microphysics schemes or domain-size sensitivities, but their interactions are poorly understood. This study examines cloud structure and precipitation sensitivity to microphysics schemes and how they vary between regional and global configurations within a single, consistent modelling framework. We analyse three convection-permitting simulations over the Amazon: two regional runs employing single- and double-moment microphysics schemes and a global single-moment run, with all other configurations consistent. We find that cloud hydrometeor characteristics are sensitive to the microphysics scheme. Specifically, the double-moment scheme produces up to five times more graupel and 100 % more rainfall, but twice as much cloud water and five times as much fog as the single-moment scheme. Despite these variations, precipitation, water vapour, and outgoing longwave radiation remain consistent across schemes, suggesting large-scale constraints primarily govern integrated quantities. Furthermore, domain configuration amplifies sensitivities. The global simulation exhibits up to 150 % more fog and nearly double the cloud ice compared to the regional single-moment run, highlighting the role of large-scale circulation and lateral boundary conditions. These findings demonstrate that microphysics schemes influence cloud processes, while the domain setup determines how these sensitivities manifest. Improved observational constraints and perturbed-parameter ensembles are therefore needed to evaluate model performance and separate tuning effects and structural uncertainty.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="27"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/S007474/1</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>101003470</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility</funding-source>
<award-id>101137639</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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