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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-4629</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Harmonic Content of &lt;em&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Index</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vandas</surname>
<given-names>Marek</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Romashets</surname>
<given-names>Evgeny</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Imam</surname>
<given-names>Tasmina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hasan</surname>
<given-names>Tanvir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Majumder</surname>
<given-names>Pranab</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Karki</surname>
<given-names>Sanjay</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics, Lamar University Beaumont, Texas, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Marek Vandas et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4629/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4629/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4629/egusphere-2025-4629.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4629/egusphere-2025-4629.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Zajtsev et al. (1993) applied fast Fourier transform (FFT) (Cooley et al., 1969) of the magnetic ﬁeld components measured by a particular magnetic observatory. They reported that some patterns could be recognized in the contour plots of Fourier coefﬁcients versus time for different phases of sub-storm evolution. Similar techniques can be applied to the planetary geomagnetic indices &lt;em&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;st&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. The spectral content changes prior to the growth phase of the sub-storm. The higher frequency coefﬁcients, the larger the power spectrum is shifted upwards. This feature can serve as a precursor, if spotted. We present an analysis of the February 2001, 2003, and 2017 time intervals. The technique can be potentially used as a forecast tool for predicting geomagnetic activity.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="14"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Directorate for Geosciences</funding-source>
<award-id>2230363.</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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