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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-4555</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evaluating ocean alkalinity enhancement for carbon dioxide removal: evidence from a one-year saltmarsh field experiment</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mendes</surname>
<given-names>Isabel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-7910</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lübbers</surname>
<given-names>Julia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-7265</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schönfeld</surname>
<given-names>Joachim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cravo</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), Rede de infraestrutura em Recursos Aquáticos (ARNET), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>25</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Isabel Mendes et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4555/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4555/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4555/egusphere-2025-4555.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4555/egusphere-2025-4555.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy aimed at reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) concentrations. To evaluate its effectiveness and potential biogeochemical impacts, field experiments under natural conditions are essential. We report results from a one-year in-situ experiment conducted in the saltmarsh pioneer vegetation zone at Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, Portugal. The experiment comprised replicate deployments of olivine and basalt (treatments), and untreated control sites. Total alkalinity (TA) responded immediately to the treatments, with pore water 1.5 to 2.3 mM higher than the control. High concentrations of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in pore water led to an increase of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) higher than TA. Continuous CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; degassing from the saltmarsh soil was observed, with the treatments prompting higher CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes than control. Carbon was laterally exported to the ocean (outwelling), following the trend of excess TA production. This effect was most pronounced during the first seven months after deployment, with basalt producing the best results. These findings provide critical insights into the temporal dynamics and efficacy of alkalinity enhancement in coastal vegetated systems.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia</funding-source>
<award-id>PTDC/CTA-CLI/1065/2021</award-id>
<award-id>CEECINST/00052/2021/CP2792/CT0012</award-id>
<award-id>2023.10993.TENURE.029</award-id>
<award-id>UIDB/00350/2020</award-id>
<award-id>LA/P/0069/2020</award-id>
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</front>
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