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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-4532</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A low-maintenance optoacoustic sensor for black carbon monitoring</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Haedrich</surname>
<given-names>Linda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kousias</surname>
<given-names>Nikolaos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Raptis</surname>
<given-names>Ioannis</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-1344</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stahl</surname>
<given-names>Uli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ntziachristos</surname>
<given-names>Leonidas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-9686</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ntziachristos</surname>
<given-names>Vasilis</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-0233</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health &amp; School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Bioengineering Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 458, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, 85748, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>These authors contributed equally to this work</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Linda Haedrich et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4532/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4532/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4532/egusphere-2025-4532.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4532/egusphere-2025-4532.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Regulation of black carbon (BC) emissions is necessary due to their negative impact to climate and human health. We present a low-cost optoacoustic sensor for Black Carbon (BC) emissions, which can provide continuous measurements that are suitable for long-term BC monitoring in highly contaminative environments with low need for frequent maintenance. Insensitivity to contamination is based on a sensor design that integrates protective flows of clean air around the sample measured, which minimizes BC deposition on the detector and optical windows of the sensor. A quantitative analysis shows that the negative effect of BC contamination on sensor performance is reduced by a factor of greater than 300 000 in comparison to an unprotected control sensor. We discuss how the reduced maintenance requirements make the design presented a promising candidate for continuous and long-term BC monitoring of high emitters, enabling disseminated monitoring necessary for regulatory and mitigation measures of BC emissions in the future.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="18"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>No 862811 (RSENSE)</award-id>
<award-id>No 814893 (SCIPPER)</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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