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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-4015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Imaging the deep carbon stocks with complex electrical conductivity&amp;nbsp;</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Flores Orozco</surname>
<given-names>Adrian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-3718</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gallistl</surname>
<given-names>Jakob</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2037-7775</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gilfedder</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-5198</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Katona</surname>
<given-names>Timea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frei</surname>
<given-names>Sven</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-8246</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Strauss</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-9304</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blöschl</surname>
<given-names>Gunter</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2227-8225</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Near Surface Geophysics, GeoSphere Austria, Vienna, 1190, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Wageningen, 9101, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, Scharfling, 5310, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Adrian Flores Orozco et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4015/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4015/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4015/egusphere-2025-4015.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-4015/egusphere-2025-4015.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Due to the limited penetration depth of standard sampling methods, mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) is usually restricted to the top 100 cm of soils. Hence, current models underestimate SOC due to the unexplored deep carbon stocks. Moreover, standard methods only offer punctual data relying on interpolation to investigate extensive areas. We demonstrate here that subsurface images of the complex electrical conductivity (CC) can delineate the presence and geometry of SOC reaching a depth of a few tens of meters below the surface. We demonstrate a positive correlation between imaginary CC at low frequencies (&amp;lt; 5 Hz) and SOC content permitting a quantitative interpretation of geophysical images. We present measurements from a catchment with silty loam soils, where the geometry of a deep carbon stock (between 4 and 6 m depth) was identified by CC images, and validated through laboratory analysis of soil samples.</p>
</abstract>
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