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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-3068</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Source or a Sink? How Trends in Particle Precipitation Dictate Electrodynamics in High-Latitude Ionosphere</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ivarsen</surname>
<given-names>Magnus F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>The European Space Agency Centre for Earth Observation, Frascati, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>17</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Magnus F. Ivarsen</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-3068/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-3068/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-3068/egusphere-2025-3068.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-3068/egusphere-2025-3068.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Fast, charged particles intermittently rain down into Earth&apos;s dense atmosphere. The kinetic energy of these particles are converted into heat and light, and it ionizes the atmospheric gas, providing a source of both free and bound energy for the ionosphere; this is the &lt;em&gt;aurora borealis&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;australis&lt;/em&gt;. The specific kinetic energy of the constituent particles in the aurora dictates the atmospheric response to the ongoing particle precipitation, with hard (&lt;em&gt;high&lt;/em&gt;-energy) particles penetrating deeper than those that are considered soft (possessing a low kinetic energy). In this paper, we analyze a large database of precipitating particle observations from the United States&apos; Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and aggregate the altitude-dependent response of the ionosphere at high-latitudes, using fast ionization rate parameterizations due to two important papers by Fang et al. (10.1029/2010GL045406 and 10.1002/jgra.50484). We explore a characteristic altitude-dependent pattern in space (magnetic latitude and longitude), and time (geomagnetic activity), pertaining to the shape of the northern hemisphere, high-latitude ionosphere during local winter. We briefly discuss the implied ratio of E- to F-region Pedersen conductance, and this ratio&apos;s ramifications for the growth &amp;amp; decay (and thus proliferation) of plasma turbulence in the high-latitude ionosphere.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="17"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>European Space Agency</funding-source>
<award-id>1000012348</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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