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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-2822</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>FLARE-GMM: an automatic aerosol typing model based on Mie-Raman-fluorescence lidar measurements with LILAS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Miri</surname>
<given-names>Robin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pujol</surname>
<given-names>Olivier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Qiaoyun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Goloub</surname>
<given-names>Philippe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Veselovskii</surname>
<given-names>Igor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Podvin</surname>
<given-names>Thierry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ducos</surname>
<given-names>Fabrice</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 – LOA – Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Villeneuve d’Ascq 59650, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Cimel Electronique, 172 rue de Charonne 75011 Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>16</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Robin Miri et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2822/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2822/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2822/egusphere-2025-2822.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2822/egusphere-2025-2822.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This study presents the development of an automated aerosol typing model utilizing Mie-Raman-fluorescence lidar data collected by LILAS, located on the ATOLL platform in Lille, France. The proposed model, FLARE-GMM, employs a Gaussian Mixture Model trained on a dataset spanning from early 2021 to the end of 2023. FLARE-GMM is able to distinguish between dust, urban and biomass burning aerosols by using the 𝑃𝐿𝐷𝑅 and the fluorescence capacity as well as RH, all measured with LILAS. To ensure accurate model training, cases were manually selected to include only pure aerosol layers, as mixed aerosols are not accurately modelled by GMM. Following the training phase, the model&apos;s performance was evaluated by investigating extreme events in which the aerosol type is not ambiguous. This approach was also completed with the use of a test dataset on which FLARE-GMM was compared to NATALI, another automatic aerosol typing model based on neural networks using lidar data. The results demonstrated that FLARE-GMM shows promise in accurately identifying aerosol types, indicating its potential for classifying aerosols in a variety of situations. Finally, FLARE-GMM was used to estimate the aerosol types present in Lille&apos;s atmosphere throughout the entire dataset from early 2021 to the end of 2023. A statistical analysis of these results was conducted, further underscoring the model&apos;s capability in automated aerosol classification.</p>
</abstract>
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