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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-2787</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Atmospheric new particle formation in the eastern region of China: a mechanistic investigation at multiple sites</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>Jiaqi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cai</surname>
<given-names>Runlong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yiliang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Gan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Yueyang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Chuang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yao</surname>
<given-names>Lei</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-1629</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>Jingkun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Xiuhui</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-7882</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Lin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-3432</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric  Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP 3 ), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua  University, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,  Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>now at: Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Jiaqi Jin et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2787/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2787/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2787/egusphere-2025-2787.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2787/egusphere-2025-2787.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>As a major source of cloud condensation nuclei, atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events exert significant influences on the global climate. Among the various nucleation mechanisms that have been identified in diverse environments, sulfuric acid-amine nucleation is unique for its high efficiency to form stable clusters and drive intense nucleation. Despite the fact that this nucleation mechanism could explain observed NPF events at a number of megacity sites in China, its applicability to a larger regional scale remains unclear. Here, we analyzed characteristics of NPF events and influencing factors at three suburban sites in the eastern region of China based on measured and theoretically predicted particle formation rates and cluster concentrations. Results show that sulfuric acid-dimethylamine is a predominant nucleation mechanism at these sites, while atmospheric conditions including precursor concentrations and temperature causes the differences in NPF characteristics among different sites. This indicates the significance of the sulfuric acid-amine nucleation mechanism over a large spatial scale in the urban agglomerations in the eastern region of China. We also find that oxygenated organic molecules are likely involved in the formation of 1.7-nm new particles at these sites by contributing the initial growth of stable sulfuric acid clusters.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="16"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>21925601</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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