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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-1816</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Microphysical Parameter Choices Modulate Ice Content and Relative Humidity in the Outflow of a Warm Conveyor Belt</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schwenk</surname>
<given-names>Cornelis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Miltenberger</surname>
<given-names>Annette</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-4272</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oertel</surname>
<given-names>Annika</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-2304</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55099, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Troposphere Research (IMKTRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,  Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Cornelis Schwenk et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1816/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1816/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1816/egusphere-2025-1816.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1816/egusphere-2025-1816.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) play a crucial role in Earth&apos;s climate by transporting water vapor and hydrometeors into the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS), where they influence radiative forcing. However, a major source of uncertainty in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and climate projections stems from the parameterization of microphysical processes and their impact on cloud radiative properties as well as the vertical re-distribution of water. In this study, we use Lagrangian data from a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) of a WCB case study to investigate how variations in microphysical parameterizations influence water transport into the UTLS and the outflow cirrus properties. We find that the thermodynamic conditions (pressure, temperature, specific humidity) at the end of the WCB ascent show little sensitivity to the explored parameter perturbations. In contrast, ice content and relative humidity exhibit substantial variability, primarily driven by the capacitance of ice (CAP) and the scaling of ice formation processes directly influenced by ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. Different combinations of CAP and INP scaling yield vastly different ice and relative humidity distributions at the end of the ascent and in the subsequent hours. These differences are particularly pronounced in fast-ascending air parcels, where modifications to the saturation adjustment scheme (SAT) introduce small variations in pressure and temperature at the end of ascent. Our findings have potential implications for parameter choices in cloud models and considerations for geoengineering strategies. Future comparisons with high-quality observational data could help constrain the most realistic parameter choices, ultimately improving weather and climate forecasts.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="43"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</funding-source>
<award-id>TRR 301 – Project-ID 428312742</award-id>
<award-id>4823IDEAP6</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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