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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2698-4024</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2025-1377</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Asymmetric response of European near-surface wind speed to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; removal</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Zhi-Bo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-1583</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Chao</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-5690</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Azorin-Molina</surname>
<given-names>Cesar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>An</surname>
<given-names>Soon-Il</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-429X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Yang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Yang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6544-0162</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>Jongsoo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Deliang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0288-5618</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shen</surname>
<given-names>Cheng</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-2638</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Irreversible Climate Change Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIDE, CSIC-UV-Generalitat Valenciana), Climate, Atmosphere and Ocean Laboratory (Climatoc-Lab), Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography-Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies- Academy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2025</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Zhi-Bo Li et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1377/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1377/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1377/egusphere-2025-1377.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-1377/egusphere-2025-1377.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Understanding the changes in near-surface wind speed (NSWS) is crucial for weather extremes and wind energy management. This study examines the response of NSWS to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) removal using large ensemble simulations and the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project models. Our results indicate that increasing CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels lead to an overall reduction in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical NSWS over land. Subsequent CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; reduction during the early ramp-down period rapidly restores NH NSWS. However, this recovery stalls and enters a declining trend during the late ramp-down period, mainly due to opposite negative NSWS trends in Europe. Notably, the rapid recovery of simultaneous Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) counteracts the recovery of North Atlantic air meridional temperature gradient and the westerly jet by global cooling, therefore prolonging NH mid-latitudes NSWS weakening. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of AMOC in modulating NSWS under varying CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations and provides insights for future climate adaptation.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="26"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas</funding-source>
<award-id>2023-01648</award-id>
<award-id>2020-00982</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Tsinghua University</funding-source>
<award-id>100008001</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>Vetenskapsrådet</funding-source>
<award-id>2021-02163</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs4">
<funding-source>Stiftelsen Längmanska Kulturfonden</funding-source>
<award-id>BA24-0484</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs5">
<funding-source>Stiftelsen Åforsk</funding-source>
<award-id>24-707</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs6">
<funding-source>Adlerbertska Research Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>AF2024-0069</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
</back>
</article>