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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2023-2496</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Temporal Phasing of Rapid Dansgaard&amp;ndash;Oeschger Warming Events Cannot Be Reliably Determined</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Slattery</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5233-7657</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sime</surname>
<given-names>Louise C.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-7926</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muschitiello</surname>
<given-names>Francesco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Riechers</surname>
<given-names>Keno</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-9960</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 43 Saint Andrews Street, Cambridge CB2 1DB, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Research Domain IV – Complexity Science, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering &amp; Design, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2023</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2023 John Slattery et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2496/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2496/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2496/egusphere-2023-2496.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2496/egusphere-2023-2496.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;span&gt;Dansgaard&amp;ndash;Oeschger (DO) warming events oc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;curred throughout the last glacial period. Greenland ice cores &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;show a rapid warming during each stadial to interstadial tran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;sition, alongside abrupt loss of sea ice and major reorgani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;sation of the atmospheric circulation. Other records also in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;dicate simultaneous abrupt changes to the oceanic circula&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;tion. Recently, an advanced Bayesian ramp fitting method &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;has been developed and used to investigate time lags between &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;transitions in these different climate elements, with a view &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;to determining the relative order of these changes. Here, we &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;subject this method to a critical review. Using ice core data, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;climate model output, and carefully synthesised data repre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;senting DO warming events, we demonstrate that the method &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;suffers from noise-induced bias of up to 15 years. This bias &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;means that the method will tend to yield transition onsets that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;are too early, and we find that the estimated timings of nois&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ier transitions are more strongly biased. Further investigation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;of DO warming event records in climate models and ice core &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;data reveals that the bias is on the same order of magnitude as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;potential timing differences between the abrupt transitions of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;different climate elements. Additionally, we find that higher-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;resolution records would not reduce this bias. We conclude &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;that time lags of less than 20 years cannot be reliably detected, as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;we cannot exclude the possibility that they result &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;solely from the bias. This prevents the unambiguous deter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;mination of the temporal phasing of DO warming events.&lt;/span&gt;</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>820970</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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