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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1867-8610</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2023-2246</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>First validation of high-resolution satellite-derived methane emissions from an active gas leak in the UK</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dowd</surname>
<given-names>Emily</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-1869</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manning</surname>
<given-names>Alistair J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-7514</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Orth-Lashley</surname>
<given-names>Bryn</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-1994</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Girard</surname>
<given-names>Marianne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>France</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-1240</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fisher</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca E.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-5467</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lowry</surname>
<given-names>Dave</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-0346</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lanoisellé</surname>
<given-names>Mathias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pitt</surname>
<given-names>Joseph R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8660-5136</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stanley</surname>
<given-names>Kieran M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-0932</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>O'Doherty</surname>
<given-names>Simon</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-6760</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>Dickon</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-3138</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thistlethwaite</surname>
<given-names>Glen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chipperfield</surname>
<given-names>Martyn P.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-4149</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gloor</surname>
<given-names>Emanuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>Chris</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-0697</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>GHGSat Inc., Montreal, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Environmental Defense Fund, 41 Eastcheap, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, Ricardo Energy &amp; Environment, Harwell, Oxon, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2023</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2023 Emily Dowd et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2246/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2246/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2246/egusphere-2023-2246.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2246/egusphere-2023-2246.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Atmospheric methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and has a 20-year global warming potential 82 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). Anthropogenic sources account for ~60 % of global CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, of which 20 % come from oil &amp;amp; gas exploration, production and distribution. High-resolution satellite-based imaging spectrometers are becoming important tools for detecting and monitoring CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; point source emissions, aiding mitigation. However, validation of these satellite measurements, such as those from the commercial GHGSat satellite constellation, has so far not been documented for active leaks. Here we present the monitoring and quantification, by GHGSat&amp;rsquo;s satellites, of the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from an active gas leak from a downstream natural gas distribution pipeline near Cheltenham, UK in Spring/Summer 2023, and provide the first validation of the satellite-derived emission estimates using surface-based mobile greenhouse gas surveys. We also use a Lagrangian transport model, NAME, to estimate the flux from both satellite and ground-based observation methods and assess the leak&amp;rsquo;s contribution to observed concentrations at a local tall tower site (30 km away). We find GHGSat&amp;rsquo;s emission estimates to be in broad agreement with those made from the in-situ measurements. During the study period (March&amp;ndash;June 2023) GHGSat&amp;rsquo;s emission estimates are 236&amp;ndash;1357 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; hr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; whereas the mobile surface measurements are 886&amp;ndash;998 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; hr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The large variation is likely down to variations in flow through the pipe and engineering works across the 11-week period. Modelled flux estimates in NAME are 181&amp;ndash;1243 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; hr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;, &amp;shy;&lt;/sub&gt;which are lower than the satellite- and mobile survey-derived fluxes but are within the uncertainty. After detecting the leak in March 2023, the local utility company was contacted, and the leak was fixed by mid-June 2023. Our results demonstrate that GHGSat&amp;rsquo;s observations can produce flux estimates that broadly agree with surface-based mobile measurements. Validating the accuracy of the information provided by targeted, high-resolution satellite monitoring shows how it can play an important role in identifying emission sources, including for unplanned fugitive releases that are inherently challenging to identify, track and estimate their impact and duration. Rapid access to such evidence to inform local action to address fugitive emission sources across the oil and gas supply chain could play a significant role in reducing the anthropogenic contribution to climate change.&amp;nbsp;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="22"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/T00939X/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/V006924/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/V011863/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/T009268/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/S003657/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/V000780/1</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>National Centre for Earth Observation</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/R016518/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/N018079/1</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government</funding-source>
<award-id>TRN1537/06/2018</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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</article>